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ISO 7637 standards and solutions series
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ISO7637 and related standards overview
It's time for an overview of the ISO-7637 standards and some related specifications. ISO-7637, this is a spec for road vehicles, and it defines electrical disturbances from conduction and coupling. It defines how you will test it, what some of the specs are, some of the test circuits.
A lot of that's in Part 1. In Part 2, we have the electrical transient conduction along supply lines only. This is where the actual waveforms that we all discuss are defined.
ISO-16750-2, this is environmental conditions. And it contains a couple of specs which used to be in 7637, but they have been moved over to 16750-2. And this is reversed battery hook up and load dump.
We've got ISO-21848. This is nearly identical to 16750-2, environmental conditions, but it is specs for 42-volt vehicles as opposed to the more common 12- and 24-volt vehicles.
We'll talk briefly about some other regional standards bodies that exist all over the world and OEM specs. Every manufacturer has their own version of 7637. And then we'll look at all the test pulses, which are the signals that are actually applied to our circuits. And these are used to test the circuits to ensure that they will survive in an automotive environment.
So ISO-7637, we've basically got three parts in existence today and two more in development. The three today are Part 1, 2, and 3, definitions and general considerations. This tells you what we test, how we test it, why we test it. Part 2 is the actual test waveforms and detailed specs for power lines, supply lines. And test 3 is a set of requirements for transients, but this is on lines other than supply lines-- basically, for control and data lines.
There are also a couple of specs in development. One of them is for transients on shielded that high voltage supply lines. And then Part 5 is going to be a definition, or guidance, on how to set up test generators to run the voltage droop, cold crank tests, so that we can get the same answers all over the world no matter who runs the test. Out of all these, for the purposes of this presentation, what we're really just interested in are Part 1 and Part 2.
Next, ISO-16750-2, and this is environmental conditions and testing for electrical and electronic equipment. So this deals more with, I'll say, external sources of transients or electrical anomalies as opposed to the internally generated anomalies that are created in 7637. Again, five different parts. There is the general, electrical loads, mechanical loads, climactic loads, and chemical loads. But for the purposes of this discussion, we're going to be focused on the electrical loads.
Then there's ISO-21848, very similar to 16750, but this is for 42-volt vehicles instead of 12- or 24-volt vehicles. In the table of contents we see here for 21848 is nearly identical to that which we see for 16750.
Other regional standards bodies-- there's JASO in Japan. There's EU in the European-- the European Union has many different standards. In North America, SAE has a lot of standards for cars. And this just is a small snapshot of some of the requirements that are out there for transient standards in vehicles.
As you might imagine, there is a lot of similarity between the requirements in many of these standards. And in some cases, there is an almost one-to-one correlation. As an example, this table shows a cross-reference between ISO standards and SAE standards. And for the transients that we are concerned about for this presentation, really it's ISO-7637-2, whose closest equivalent-- and it's pretty close-- would be SAE J1113/11.
Another source of many standards are the OEMs. These are the car makers, and all of them have their own internal standards that they control, which describe how their systems will meet compliance with ISO-7637. There are a few examples right here that TI has worked with pretty extensively from various car makers. And they are all designed to comply with one overall standard, like ISO-7637 or SAE J1113.
Many of these OEM specs differ in how they distribute the protection responsibilities. Is there centralized protection, which eases the burden on all the downstream systems? Or does each downstream system have to be able to take a full 7637 transient load on its own? Some ESAs, or Electronic Subassemblies, only have to survive 20 volts, whereas others must survive up to 150 or more.
And it's important to remember that precise requirements are more important than the top level spec driving them, when you're working with your customer. If they just say, I need to be 7637 compliant, it's important to ask, what does that mean for you in this subsystem? This is particularly important for Tier 2 suppliers that could be building a subsystem that might go into many OEM vehicles.
And when I say that there are many OEM standards-- and I was just showing you a small sample-- I was speaking the truth, because this isn't even a full collection of all the OEM standards out there. The message is, understand in particular what your customers' requirements are. 现在，我们 概述 ISO-7637 标准和一些 相关规范。 ISO-7637，这是用于 道路车辆的规范， 它定义了传导 和耦合产生的 电气干扰。 它定义了您将如何 试验它、其中的一些规范 是怎样的以及一些试验电路。 其中有很多内容在第 1 部分介绍。 在第 2 部分中，我们 仅介绍沿电源线的 电气瞬态传导。 我们将在这里定义 我们讨论的实际 波形。 ISO-16750-2， 这是环境条件。 它包括几项曾经 包含在 7637 中的规范， 但它们已经 移至 16750-2。 这是反向电池连接 和负载突降。 我们有 ISO-21848。 这几乎与 16750-2 环境 条件相同， 但它是用于 42 伏车辆的规范， 而不用于更常见的 12 和 24 伏车辆。 我们将简短地 讨论其他一些 遍布全球的区域 标准机构和 OEM 规范。 每个制造商都有 自己的 7637 版本。 然后，我们将看看 所有试验脉冲， 它们是实际 应用到我们的 电路的信号。 这些用于测试 电路以确保 它们能够 承受汽车环境。 那么 ISO-7637，我们基本上已经 有三个现已存在的部分， 还有两个正在开发的部分。 现已存在的三个部分是 第 1、2、3 部分，定义 和一般注意事项。 这告诉您我们的试验的内容、 试验的方式以及试验的原因。 第 2 部分是 电源线的实际 试验波形和详细规范。 试验 3 是一组 瞬态要求， 但这是针对电源线以外的 线路 -- 基本而言，针对 控制和数据线路。 还有几项正在 开发的规范。 其中一项针对 屏蔽式高压 电源线上的瞬态。 然后，第 5 部分将是 定义或指导，它是 关于如何设置 试验发电机 以运行电压降、 冷启动试验， 以便无论是谁运行 试验，都能够在全世界 得到相同的答案。 在所有这些当中， 为便于进行此演示， 我们真正感兴趣的 是第 1 部分和 第 2 部分。 接下来，ISO-16750-2， 这是环境条件， 针对电气和 电子设备的试验。 我要说， 这更多地 与外部瞬态或电气 异常来源相关， 而不是在 7637 中 创建的内部 生成的异常。 它也包含五个不同的部分。 有总论、电气 负载、机械负载、 高潮负载 和化学负载。 但为了便于 进行此演示， 我们将重点 讨论电气负载。 有 ISO-21848， 与 16750 非常相似， 但这是针对 42 伏 车辆，而不是 12 或 24 伏车辆。 在目录中，我们 可以看到，21848 几乎与我们看到的 16750 情况相同。 其他区域标准机构 -- 在日本有 JASO。 在欧洲有 EU -- 欧盟 有许多不同的标准。 在北美，SAE 有许多 针对汽车的标准。 这只是车辆中 部分瞬态 标准要求的 一个小快照。 正如您可以 想象的那样， 这些众多的 标准之间存在 很多相似性。 在某些情况下，存在 几乎一一对应的相关性。 作为一个示例，该表显示了 ISO 标准和 SAE 标准之间的 交叉引用。 就我们对于 该演示所关心的 瞬态而言， 它实际上是 ISO-7637-2， 它最接近的 等效标准 -- 它非常 接近 -- 是 SAE J1113/11。 许多标准的 来源是 OEM。 这些是汽车 制造商，它们 都有自己的内部标准， 它们对其加以控制，这些 标准说明了它们的 系统如何满足 ISO-7637 合规性。 这里有一些 广泛来自各个 汽车制造商的 示例，TI 致力于 实现它们。 它们都被设计成 符合一个总的 标准，比如 ISO-7637 或 SAE J1113。 其中的许多 OEM 规范在如何 分配保护责任 方面存在差异。 是否存在可以 减轻所有下游 系统负担的 集中保护？ 或者，是否每个 下游系统都必须 能够单独承担 7637 瞬态满负载？ 某些 ESA 或电子 组件仅须承受 20 伏，而其他 组件必须承受 高达 150 伏或更高。 应记住，当您 与您的客户 合作时，精确的 要求比驱动 他们的顶层规范 更重要，这一点很重要。 如果他们只是说， 我需要符合 7637， 有一点很重要，那就是 应询问这在该子系统中 对您而言意味着什么？ 这对于 2 级供应商而言 尤其重要，这些供应商 会构建可能装配到 很多 OEM 车辆中的 子系统。 当我说存在 许多 OEM 标准时 -- 我向您展示了 一个小样例 -- 我说的是事实， 因为这甚至 不是所有 OEM 标准的完整集合。 这告诉我们，您需要 了解您的客户的 确切要求是什么。
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June 1, 2016
This video covers:
ISO 7637: This standard is for road vehicles. It defines electrical disturbances from conduction and coupling—how it is tested, what specifications are and what test circuits are. ISO 16750-2: This standard is for road vehicles. It defines environmental conditions and testing for electrical and electronic equipment. ISO 2148: This standard is for road vehicles electrical and electronic equipment for a supply voltage of 42 V. Other regional standards bodies OEM specifications Test pulses
